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Issue created by <a href="https://gitlab.rtems.org/sebhub">Sebastian Huber</a>: <a href="https://gitlab.rtems.org/rtems/rtos/rtems/-/work_items/5753">#5753</a>
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<p dir="auto" style="color: #3a383f; margin: 0px 0px 1rem;" align="initial">The compiler reads the thread pointer with <code style="font-size: 90%; color: #18171d; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: #ececef; border-radius: .25rem; margin-top: 0px; font-weight: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: break-spaces; font-family: "GitLab Mono", "JetBrains Mono", "Menlo", "DejaVu Sans Mono", "Liberation Mono", "Consolas", "Ubuntu Mono", "Courier New", "andale mono", "lucida console", monospace; font-variant-ligatures: none; word-break: keep-all; padding: 0.125rem 0.25rem;">rdhwr $3, $29</code> for every
access to a thread-local object. The instruction exists since MIPS32r2.
The R3900 of <code style="font-size: 90%; color: #18171d; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: #ececef; border-radius: .25rem; font-weight: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: break-spaces; font-family: "GitLab Mono", "JetBrains Mono", "Menlo", "DejaVu Sans Mono", "Liberation Mono", "Consolas", "Ubuntu Mono", "Courier New", "andale mono", "lucida console", monospace; font-variant-ligatures: none; word-break: keep-all; padding: 0.125rem 0.25rem;">mips/jmr3904</code> raises a reserved instruction exception
instead, so RTEMS emulates the instruction in <code style="font-size: 90%; color: #18171d; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: #ececef; border-radius: .25rem; font-weight: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: break-spaces; font-family: "GitLab Mono", "JetBrains Mono", "Menlo", "DejaVu Sans Mono", "Liberation Mono", "Consolas", "Ubuntu Mono", "Courier New", "andale mono", "lucida console", monospace; font-variant-ligatures: none; word-break: keep-all; padding: 0.125rem 0.25rem;">mips_emulate_rdhwr_ulr()</code>
of <code style="font-size: 90%; color: #18171d; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: #ececef; border-radius: .25rem; font-weight: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: break-spaces; font-family: "GitLab Mono", "JetBrains Mono", "Menlo", "DejaVu Sans Mono", "Liberation Mono", "Consolas", "Ubuntu Mono", "Courier New", "andale mono", "lucida console", monospace; font-variant-ligatures: none; word-break: keep-all; padding: 0.125rem 0.25rem;">bsps/mips/shared/irq/vectorexceptions.c</code>.</p>
<p dir="auto" style="color: #3a383f; margin: 0px 0px 1rem;" align="initial">No compiler option avoids this. <code style="font-size: 90%; color: #18171d; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: #ececef; border-radius: .25rem; margin-top: 0px; font-weight: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: break-spaces; font-family: "GitLab Mono", "JetBrains Mono", "Menlo", "DejaVu Sans Mono", "Liberation Mono", "Consolas", "Ubuntu Mono", "Courier New", "andale mono", "lucida console", monospace; font-variant-ligatures: none; word-break: keep-all; padding: 0.125rem 0.25rem;">mips-rtems7-gcc</code> 15.2.0 emits the
instruction under every value of <code style="font-size: 90%; color: #18171d; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: #ececef; border-radius: .25rem; font-weight: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: break-spaces; font-family: "GitLab Mono", "JetBrains Mono", "Menlo", "DejaVu Sans Mono", "Liberation Mono", "Consolas", "Ubuntu Mono", "Courier New", "andale mono", "lucida console", monospace; font-variant-ligatures: none; word-break: keep-all; padding: 0.125rem 0.25rem;">-ftls-model</code>. It emits it for
<code style="font-size: 90%; color: #18171d; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: #ececef; border-radius: .25rem; font-weight: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: break-spaces; font-family: "GitLab Mono", "JetBrains Mono", "Menlo", "DejaVu Sans Mono", "Liberation Mono", "Consolas", "Ubuntu Mono", "Courier New", "andale mono", "lucida console", monospace; font-variant-ligatures: none; word-break: keep-all; padding: 0.125rem 0.25rem;">-march=r3900</code> as well, wrapped in <code style="font-size: 90%; color: #18171d; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: #ececef; border-radius: .25rem; font-weight: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: break-spaces; font-family: "GitLab Mono", "JetBrains Mono", "Menlo", "DejaVu Sans Mono", "Liberation Mono", "Consolas", "Ubuntu Mono", "Courier New", "andale mono", "lucida console", monospace; font-variant-ligatures: none; word-break: keep-all; padding: 0.125rem 0.25rem;">.set push</code>, <code style="font-size: 90%; color: #18171d; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: #ececef; border-radius: .25rem; font-weight: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: break-spaces; font-family: "GitLab Mono", "JetBrains Mono", "Menlo", "DejaVu Sans Mono", "Liberation Mono", "Consolas", "Ubuntu Mono", "Courier New", "andale mono", "lucida console", monospace; font-variant-ligatures: none; word-break: keep-all; padding: 0.125rem 0.25rem;">.set mips32r2</code> and
<code style="font-size: 90%; color: #18171d; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: #ececef; border-radius: .25rem; font-weight: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: break-spaces; font-family: "GitLab Mono", "JetBrains Mono", "Menlo", "DejaVu Sans Mono", "Liberation Mono", "Consolas", "Ubuntu Mono", "Courier New", "andale mono", "lucida console", monospace; font-variant-ligatures: none; word-break: keep-all; padding: 0.125rem 0.25rem;">.set pop</code>. The MIPS backend has no <code style="font-size: 90%; color: #18171d; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: #ececef; border-radius: .25rem; font-weight: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: break-spaces; font-family: "GitLab Mono", "JetBrains Mono", "Menlo", "DejaVu Sans Mono", "Liberation Mono", "Consolas", "Ubuntu Mono", "Courier New", "andale mono", "lucida console", monospace; font-variant-ligatures: none; word-break: keep-all; padding: 0.125rem 0.25rem;">-mtp=</code> option.</p>
<p dir="auto" style="color: #3a383f; margin: 0px 0px 1rem;" align="initial">The ARM port shows the shape of the fix. <code style="font-size: 90%; color: #18171d; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: #ececef; border-radius: .25rem; margin-top: 0px; font-weight: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: break-spaces; font-family: "GitLab Mono", "JetBrains Mono", "Menlo", "DejaVu Sans Mono", "Liberation Mono", "Consolas", "Ubuntu Mono", "Courier New", "andale mono", "lucida console", monospace; font-variant-ligatures: none; word-break: keep-all; padding: 0.125rem 0.25rem;">-mtp=soft</code> makes the compiler
emit a call of <code style="font-size: 90%; color: #18171d; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: #ececef; border-radius: .25rem; font-weight: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: break-spaces; font-family: "GitLab Mono", "JetBrains Mono", "Menlo", "DejaVu Sans Mono", "Liberation Mono", "Consolas", "Ubuntu Mono", "Courier New", "andale mono", "lucida console", monospace; font-variant-ligatures: none; word-break: keep-all; padding: 0.125rem 0.25rem;">__aeabi_read_tp()</code>, and RTEMS supplies that function in
<code style="font-size: 90%; color: #18171d; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: #ececef; border-radius: .25rem; font-weight: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: break-spaces; font-family: "GitLab Mono", "JetBrains Mono", "Menlo", "DejaVu Sans Mono", "Liberation Mono", "Consolas", "Ubuntu Mono", "Courier New", "andale mono", "lucida console", monospace; font-variant-ligatures: none; word-break: keep-all; padding: 0.125rem 0.25rem;">cpukit/score/cpu/arm/__aeabi_read_tp.c</code>.</p>
<p dir="auto" style="color: #3a383f; margin: 0px 0px 1rem;" align="initial">Give the MIPS backend of GCC the same option. Add the helper to
<code style="font-size: 90%; color: #18171d; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: #ececef; border-radius: .25rem; margin-top: 0px; font-weight: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: break-spaces; font-family: "GitLab Mono", "JetBrains Mono", "Menlo", "DejaVu Sans Mono", "Liberation Mono", "Consolas", "Ubuntu Mono", "Courier New", "andale mono", "lucida console", monospace; font-variant-ligatures: none; word-break: keep-all; padding: 0.125rem 0.25rem;">cpukit/score/cpu/mips/</code>. It returns the thread pointer of the executing
thread, like the ARM and the MicroBlaze helpers do. Put the option in
the <code style="font-size: 90%; color: #18171d; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: #ececef; border-radius: .25rem; font-weight: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: break-spaces; font-family: "GitLab Mono", "JetBrains Mono", "Menlo", "DejaVu Sans Mono", "Liberation Mono", "Consolas", "Ubuntu Mono", "Courier New", "andale mono", "lucida console", monospace; font-variant-ligatures: none; word-break: keep-all; padding: 0.125rem 0.25rem;">ABI_FLAGS</code> of every MIPS BSP, so an application object carries it
too. <code style="font-size: 90%; color: #18171d; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: #ececef; border-radius: .25rem; font-weight: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: break-spaces; font-family: "GitLab Mono", "JetBrains Mono", "Menlo", "DejaVu Sans Mono", "Liberation Mono", "Consolas", "Ubuntu Mono", "Courier New", "andale mono", "lucida console", monospace; font-variant-ligatures: none; word-break: keep-all; padding: 0.125rem 0.25rem;">_CPU_Use_thread_local_storage()</code> then has nothing to do.
<code style="font-size: 90%; color: #18171d; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: #ececef; border-radius: .25rem; font-weight: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: break-spaces; font-family: "GitLab Mono", "JetBrains Mono", "Menlo", "DejaVu Sans Mono", "Liberation Mono", "Consolas", "Ubuntu Mono", "Courier New", "andale mono", "lucida console", monospace; font-variant-ligatures: none; word-break: keep-all; padding: 0.125rem 0.25rem;">mips_emulate_rdhwr_ulr()</code> and the reserved instruction case of
<code style="font-size: 90%; color: #18171d; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: #ececef; border-radius: .25rem; font-weight: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: break-spaces; font-family: "GitLab Mono", "JetBrains Mono", "Menlo", "DejaVu Sans Mono", "Liberation Mono", "Consolas", "Ubuntu Mono", "Courier New", "andale mono", "lucida console", monospace; font-variant-ligatures: none; word-break: keep-all; padding: 0.125rem 0.25rem;">mips_vector_exceptions()</code> go away.</p>
<p dir="auto" style="color: #3a383f; margin: 0px 0px 1rem;" align="initial">The general dynamic model is the alternative. The compiler emits a call
of <code style="font-size: 90%; color: #18171d; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: #ececef; border-radius: .25rem; margin-top: 0px; font-weight: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: break-spaces; font-family: "GitLab Mono", "JetBrains Mono", "Menlo", "DejaVu Sans Mono", "Liberation Mono", "Consolas", "Ubuntu Mono", "Courier New", "andale mono", "lucida console", monospace; font-variant-ligatures: none; word-break: keep-all; padding: 0.125rem 0.25rem;">__tls_get_addr()</code> for every access, which is what the MicroBlaze
port uses. It costs more. The change touches the TLS relocations, and
the linker relaxes a general dynamic sequence to local exec in a static
link. That relaxation emits <code style="font-size: 90%; color: #18171d; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: #ececef; border-radius: .25rem; font-weight: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: break-spaces; font-family: "GitLab Mono", "JetBrains Mono", "Menlo", "DejaVu Sans Mono", "Liberation Mono", "Consolas", "Ubuntu Mono", "Courier New", "andale mono", "lucida console", monospace; font-variant-ligatures: none; word-break: keep-all; padding: 0.125rem 0.25rem;">rdhwr</code> again.</p>
<p dir="auto" style="color: #3a383f; margin: 0px;" align="initial">Found in the review of merge request <a href="https://gitlab.rtems.org/rtems/rtos/rtems/-/merge_requests/1401" title="cpukit/score/cpu/mips: Add thread-local storage" class="gfm gfm-merge_request" data-original="!1401" data-link="false" data-link-reference="false" data-merge-request="2870" data-project="26" data-project-path="rtems/rtos/rtems" data-iid="1401" data-container="body" data-placement="top" data-reference-type="merge_request" style="margin-top: 0px;">!1401</a> by Kinsey Moore. This
description was created with Claude Code assistance.</p>
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