RTEMS | RTEMS Build Does Not Specify C Language Version (#5327)

[Joel Sherrill (@joel)]

Joel Sherrill created an issue: https://gitlab.rtems.org/rtems/rtos/rtems/-/issues/5327

Assignee: Joel Sherrill

## Summary
RTEMS builds do not use the -std= compiler option except for a few specific cases shown below. Because of this builds are done using the default C language version for the GCC version in use.

```
rtems]$ grep -r std= spec/
spec/build/cpukit/librtemscxx.yml:- -std=c++17
spec/build/testsuites/libtests/rcxx01.yml:- -std=c++17
spec/build/testsuites/sptests/spcxx01.yml:- -std=gnu++17
spec/build/testsuites/sptests/spstdc17.yml:- -std=c17
```

I was looking into this because the published POSIX Issue 8 is based on C17, not C11 as drafts were. 

- GCC 13 defaults to C17. 
- GCC 15 defaults to C23. 

The autoconf build system did not specify the C Language version either. 

I really believe that we should have been specifying this all along but somehow this got missed.

I have been building with both versions and we can build with either language version with -Werror. We just need to make a decision which we want to build against and add this option to the RTEMS compiler flags.

I don't particular have a preference for C17 or C23 for 7. But if we change 6 to specify the version, it should be C17 so we are not changing released behavior.

### Pre-set options

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View it on GitLab: https://gitlab.rtems.org/rtems/rtos/rtems/-/issues/5327
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