RTEMS | bsps/x86_64/amd64: Deliver the CPU exceptions and the vector operations (!1404)

[Sebastian Huber (@sebhub)]

Sebastian Huber created a merge request: https://gitlab.rtems.org/rtems/rtos/rtems/-/merge_requests/1404

Project:Branches: sebhub/rtems:up/x86_64-interrupts-exceptions to rtems/rtos/rtems:main
Author:   Sebastian Huber



## Summary

Issue #5692: The CPU exceptions are not delivered

Commits:

- `bsps/x86_64/amd64: Acknowledge in the dispatch`
- `bsps/x86_64: Correct the vector count`
- `bsps/x86_64/amd64: Add a software interrupt`
- `bsps/x86_64/amd64: Implement tm27 support`
- `cpukit/score/cpu/x86_64: Use the ud2 instruction`
- `cpukit/score/cpu/x86_64: Add the exception frame`
- `bsps/x86_64/amd64: Deliver the CPU exceptions`
- `bsps/x86_64/amd64: Implement the vector operations`
- `cpukit/score/cpu/x86_64: Validate the context`

`Add a software interrupt` guards three interrupt manager operations against the
vectors which the processor raises, and `Deliver the CPU exceptions` removes
that guard, because those vectors stop being vectors of the interrupt manager.
The orders which avoid the guard do not compile, since the exception delivery
needs `BSP_VECTOR_APIC_FIRST`, which the earlier commits define.

**BSP** `x86_64/amd64` · **Simulator** Qemu, `-machine q35 -cpu qemu64
-icount shift=4`

## AI Details
<!-- Make sure you have read our statement at https://www.rtems.org/generative-ai/ -->

### Prompt used

None as a single prompt.  The work was done in an interactive Claude Code
session on the RTEMS tree.  The task was to run the test suites of the
simulator BSPs, diagnose every failure and fix the cause.  Each change was
directed and reviewed.

### AI model used

Claude Opus 5 (claude-opus-5), through Claude Code.

### How AI was used for the contribution

- [ ] Formatting
- [ ] Test creation.
- [x] Code comments.
- [ ] The entire contribution was generated using AI
- [ ] AI code completion such as Copilot in VSCode.

The diagnosis and the implementation were produced in that session under my
direction, and the commit messages were drafted there.

### Access

I have not used a product which claims copyright in its output, and I have
legitimate access to the one I used.

-- 
View it on GitLab: https://gitlab.rtems.org/rtems/rtos/rtems/-/merge_requests/1404
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