RTEMS | [riscv] Implement _CPU_Spin_wait() in cpu.h for SMP spin-loop throttling (#5644)

Wayne Thornton (@wmthornton-dev) gitlab at rtems.org
Wed Jul 15 18:19:40 UTC 2026



Issue created by Wayne Thornton: https://gitlab.rtems.org/rtems/rtos/rtems/-/work_items/5644



## Description:
We have introduced a new Super Core architecture hook, `_CPU_Spin_wait()`, to mitigate aggressive speculative execution penalties, reduce thermal load, and lower bus contention during SMP spin-wait polling loops. The reference template is currently documented in `cpukit/score/cpu/no_cpu/include/rtems/score/cpu.h` and natively implemented for `x86_64` upon merging of rtems/rtos/rtems!1256.

The riscv architecture port needs to override the default fallback by implementing a native inline assembly pipeline throttle in `cpukit/score/cpu/riscv/include/rtems/score/cpu.h`.

## Suggested Implementation:
For RISC-V targets supporting the `Zihintpause` extension (or standard unassigned HINT space), this should utilize the `pause` instruction paired with a compiler memory clobber. Because `pause` is encoded as a FENCE hint (`0x0100000F`), it backwards-compatibly executes as a `nop` on legacy cores that do not implement the extension:

```
static inline void _CPU_Spin_wait( void )
{
  __asm__ volatile( "pause" ::: "memory" );
}
#define _CPU_Spin_wait _CPU_Spin_wait
```

If older toolchains reject the "`pause`" mnemonic, the raw instruction hint `.word 0x0100000F` or `.insn` equivalent may be evaluated.

## Verification:
Validate that the implementation compiles cleanly and passes the standalone SMP spin-wait test suite: `testsuites/smptests/smpspinwait01`. Once defined, the preprocessor will automatically override the temporary test-level fallback in `init.c`.

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View it on GitLab: https://gitlab.rtems.org/rtems/rtos/rtems/-/work_items/5644
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