[PATCH] Adding tracing documentation in user manual
Vidushi Vashishth
reachvidu at gmail.com
Tue Jun 5 20:39:42 UTC 2018
I am just sending a revised version with incorporations of your
suggestions. I will create a fresh version 2 patch after everyone has
reviewed.
Sorry for the spelling mistakes earlier!
---
images/user/ctf-stream-packet.png | Bin 0 -> 21843 bytes
images/user/ctf-trace.png | Bin 0 -> 16038 bytes
user/index.rst | 2 +
user/tracing/captureengine.rst | 10 ++++
user/tracing/development.rst | 12 +++++
user/tracing/index.rst | 25 +++++++++
user/tracing/introduction.rst | 97 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
user/tracing/tracelinker.rst | 10 ++++
user/tracing/usecases.rst | 109
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
9 files changed, 265 insertions(+)
create mode 100644 images/user/ctf-stream-packet.png
create mode 100644 images/user/ctf-trace.png
create mode 100644 user/tracing/captureengine.rst
create mode 100644 user/tracing/development.rst
create mode 100644 user/tracing/index.rst
create mode 100644 user/tracing/introduction.rst
create mode 100644 user/tracing/tracelinker.rst
create mode 100644 user/tracing/usecases.rst
diff --git a/images/user/ctf-stream-packet.png
b/images/user/ctf-stream-packet.png
new file mode 100644
index
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diff --git a/user/index.rst b/user/index.rst
index 8cbcd1b..a764fe8 100644
--- a/user/index.rst
+++ b/user/index.rst
@@ -52,6 +52,8 @@ to the Community Project hosted at http://www.rtems.org/.
tools/index
+ tracing/index
+
support/index
glossary/index
diff --git a/user/tracing/captureengine.rst b/user/tracing/captureengine.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f0e2b01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/user/tracing/captureengine.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+.. comment SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-SA-4.0
+
+.. comment: All rights reserved.
+
+.. _capturengine:
+
+Capture Engine
+**************
+
+[TBD]
diff --git a/user/tracing/development.rst b/user/tracing/development.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ad74d8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/user/tracing/development.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+.. comment SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-SA-4.0
+
+.. comment: All rights reserved.
+
+.. _development:
+
+Tracing Development
+*******************
+
+RTEMS trace is an open source project currently under development.
+
+This section can contain how to build the rtems-tools after making changes
to the trace linker.
diff --git a/user/tracing/index.rst b/user/tracing/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d2d9993
--- /dev/null
+++ b/user/tracing/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+.. comment SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-SA-4.0
+
+.. comment: All rights reserved.
+
+.. _tracing-framework:
+
+RTEMS Tracing Framework
+***********************
+.. index:: Tracing Framework
+
+RTEMS Tracing Framework is an on-target software based system which helps
track
+the ongoings inside applications, 3rd party packages, and the kernel in
real time.
+
+Software based tracing is a complex process which requires components on
both the
+target and the host to work together. However its portability across all
architectures
+and board support packages makes it a useful asset. A key requirement in
RTEMS trace process
+is to take existing code in compiled format (ELF) and instrument it in
order to log various events
+and records in real time. However instrumenting of the code for tracing
should happen without rebuilding
+the code from the source and without annotating the source with trace code.
+
+.. toctree::
+
+ introduction
+ usecases
+ development
diff --git a/user/tracing/introduction.rst b/user/tracing/introduction.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..596bc25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/user/tracing/introduction.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+.. comment SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-SA-4.0
+
+.. comment: All rights reserved.
+
+.. _introduction:
+
+Introduction to Tracing
+***********************
+
+Tracing is an important function which has several applications including
identification of
+complex threading, detection of deadlocks, tracing functions along with
their argument values,
+and return values through progression of several function calls and audit
the performance of an
+application according to required specifications.
+
+RTEMS tracing framework is under development and welcomes contribution by
users.
+
+RTEMS has the following trace components:
+
+- RTEMS :ref:`tracelinker`
+- RTEMS :ref:`capturengine`
+- Common Trace Format Integration
+
+
+RTEMS trace framework can currently function using the following methods:
+
+.. _tracebuffering:
+
+RTEMS Trace Using Trace Buffering
+=================================
+
+TBD
+
+.. _printk:
+
+RTEMS Trace Using Printk
+========================
+
+TBD
+
+RTEMS Trace Using CTF
+=====================
+
+`Common Trace Format <http://diamon.org/ctf/>`_ (CTF) is a binary trace
format which is fast to write
+and has great flexibility. It allows traces to be developed by bare-metal
applications or by any
+other C/C++ system. RTEMS tracing framework can benefit from these
features of CTF.
+
+A typical CTF *trace* consists of multiple *streams* of binary *events*.
The *metadata* stream is a mandatory
+stream which describes the layout of all the other streams in a trace.
This metadata stream is written
+using *Trace Stream Description Language* (TSDL).
+
+.. figure:: ../../images/user/ctf-trace.png
+ :align: center
+ :width: 75%
+
+A binary *stream* is further a concatenation of several packets each
containing the following:
+
+- A packet header
+- An optional packet context
+- A set of concatenated events each containing:
+ - An event header
+ - A stream-specific context
+ - An event-specific context
+ - A payload
+
+.. figure:: ../../images/user/ctf-stream-packet.png
+ :align: center
+ :width: 75%
+
+All the headers, contexts and payloads are written in TSDL using CTF data
types. CTF supports a rich set of
+configurable datatypes which makes it possible to describe a larger
variety of binary structure. Moreover types
+in CTF are organized as type classes where type specifications can be
inherited to allow deriving types. These factors
+make CTF flexible. CTF enables fast writing of binary data as it usually
involves appending memory contents, as it is
+to a binary CTF stream. CTF streams are capable of being sent or received
over the network without any data being
+written to disk and hence can be useful in transporting traces from the
target to the host machine for analysis.
+
+Due to these advantages tracing using CTF will prove to be beneficial for
the users.
+This method of tracing is currently under development. Currently the RTEMS
tracing framework is able to output
+trace data in the form of trace buffers, console output and csv files. A
conversion tool which transforms
+these trace output formats to CTF will be viable approach to generating
CTF traces. In this regard we utilize babeltrace,
+which is described in the following section.
+
+Babeltrace
+----------
+
+Babeltrace is an open source trace format converter which can be used to
convert RTEMS traces into CTF.
+It is also a reference parser implementation of CTF. Babeltrace currently
supports the following output
+formats for traces:
+
+- Text
+- CTF
+- CTF-metadata
+- Dummy
+- lttng-live
+
+Babeltrace comes in the form of a library, python bindings (python3) and
command line tool called ``babeltrace``.
+To install babeltrace on your host you can install a distribution package
or build from source using tarballs or
+git repositories of babeltrace. Refer to http://diamon.org/babeltrace/ for
further details.
diff --git a/user/tracing/tracelinker.rst b/user/tracing/tracelinker.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6685367
--- /dev/null
+++ b/user/tracing/tracelinker.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+.. comment SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-SA-4.0
+
+.. comment: All rights reserved.
+
+.. _tracelinker:
+
+Trace Linker
+************
+
+[TBD]
diff --git a/user/tracing/usecases.rst b/user/tracing/usecases.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..418e8b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/user/tracing/usecases.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+.. comment SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-SA-4.0
+
+.. comment: All rights reserved.
+
+.. _usecases:
+
+Tracing Use Cases
+*****************
+
+Following are the use cases of the tracing framework that are currently
under development:
+
+Function Tracing
+================
+
+Tracing the entry and exit of a function as well as the values of the
arguments and
+return values can prove to be an important application for the tracing
framework.
+
+Objective
+---------
+
+This use case can prove to be helpful in debugging of applications for the
users. It can also
+be used to understand the working of existing application code bases.
Capturing of argument and
+return values maybe useful in tracking unexpected output results from the
applications.
+
+Requirements
+------------
+
+The current tracing framework provides this functionality with
:ref:`tracebuffering`. The output is
+provided in the form of printing on console or saving the buffer in the
form of a bin file. In order to
+develop this use case using CTF we need to be able to convert either the
bin file or console output to CTF.
+The saved bin file must also first be transported to the host from the
target for this purpose. On the other
+hand console output could be written to a text file which can then be
converted to CTF.
+
+Example
+-------
+
+As a start to the development of function tracing using CTF we can work on
the fileio
+sample testsuite and trace all the calls to malloc, calloc, free and
realloc functions.
+Along with the calls made to these functions the trace must also capture
the values of
+their arguments at entry and the return values at function exit. As an
example of an application
+having the following progression of function calls:
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+ #include <stdlib.h>
+ int main(int argc, char** argv)
+ {
+ int* a = malloc(sizeof(int));
+ free(a);
+ a = calloc(1, sizeof(int));
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+
+The trace of such an application must be output of the following kind:
+
+.. code-block:: shell
+
+ Timestamp1 entry of malloc > argument value
+ Timestamp2 exit of malloc < return value
+ Timestamp3 entry of free > argument value
+ Timestamp4 exit of free < return value (null)
+ Timestamp5 entry of calloc > argument1 value, argument2 value
+ Timestamp6 exit of calloc < return value1
+
+There could be additional columns of details including current priority,
task state etc.
+
+
+Tracing Thread Operations
+=========================
+
+Tracing thread creation, switching and termination operation in a thread's
lifetime within an application.
+
+Objective
+---------
+
+Real time applications inherently utilize parallel programming which
entails several
+tasks executing simultaneously and competing for common resources. On
single processor systems
+the CPU performs context switching between each of these tasks rapidly. By
tracing the creation and
+termination of tasks as well as the context switches between them one can
possibly identify probable race
+conditions or complex threading operations.
+
+Requirements
+------------
+
+[TBD]
+
+Example
+-------
+
+A sample trace tracking two tasks Ta and Tb could have an output of the
following kind:
+
+.. code-block:: shell
+
+ Timestamp1 taskid Ta CREATED
+ Timestamp1 taskid Ta SWITCHED-IN
+ Timestamp1 taskid Ta BEGIN
+ Timestamp1 taskid Tb CREATED
+ Timestamp1 taskid Ta SWITCHED-OUT
+ Timestamp1 taskid Tb SWITCHED-IN
+ Timestamp1 taskid Tb BEGIN
+ Timestamp1 taskid Tb SWITCHED-OUT
+ Timestamp1 taskid Tb TERMINATED
+ Timestamp1 taskid Ta SWITCHED-IN
+ Timestamp1 taskid Ta SWITCHED-OUT
+ Timestamp1 taskid Ta TERMINATED
+
+
+
--
2.7.4
On Tue, Jun 5, 2018 at 9:54 PM, Gedare Bloom <gedare at rtems.org> wrote:
> On Tue, Jun 5, 2018 at 11:40 AM, Vidushi Vashishth <reachvidu at gmail.com>
> wrote:
> > ---
> > user/index.rst | 2 +
> > user/tracing/development.rst | 12 ++++++
> > user/tracing/index.rst | 25 ++++++++++++
> > user/tracing/introduction.rst | 90 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> +++++++++++++
> > user/tracing/usecases.rst | 77 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> > 5 files changed, 206 insertions(+)
> > create mode 100644 user/tracing/development.rst
> > create mode 100644 user/tracing/index.rst
> > create mode 100644 user/tracing/introduction.rst
> > create mode 100644 user/tracing/usecases.rst
> >
> > diff --git a/user/index.rst b/user/index.rst
> > index 8cbcd1b..a764fe8 100644
> > --- a/user/index.rst
> > +++ b/user/index.rst
> > @@ -52,6 +52,8 @@ to the Community Project hosted at
> http://www.rtems.org/.
> >
> > tools/index
> >
> > + tracing/index
> > +
> > support/index
> >
> > glossary/index
> > diff --git a/user/tracing/development.rst b/user/tracing/development.rst
> > new file mode 100644
> > index 0000000..ad74d8f
> > --- /dev/null
> > +++ b/user/tracing/development.rst
> > @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
> > +.. comment SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-SA-4.0
> > +
> > +.. comment: All rights reserved.
> > +
> > +.. _development:
> > +
> > +Tracing Development
> > +*******************
> > +
> > +RTEMS trace is an open source project currently under development.
> > +
> > +This section can contain how to build the rtems-tools after making
> changes to the trace linker.
> > diff --git a/user/tracing/index.rst b/user/tracing/index.rst
> > new file mode 100644
> > index 0000000..ad22439
> > --- /dev/null
> > +++ b/user/tracing/index.rst
> > @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
> > +.. comment SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-SA-4.0
> > +
> > +.. comment: All rights reserved.
> > +
> > +.. _tracing-framework:
> > +
> > +RTEMS Tracing Framework
> > +***********************
> > +.. index:: Tracing Framework
> > +
> > +RTEMS Tracing Framework is an on-target software based system which
> helps track
> > +the ongoings inside applications, 3rd party packages and the kernel in
> real time.
> > +
>
> I don't know how it is elsewhere, but I would prefer to see the Oxford
> comma here, i.e., "3rd party packages, and the kernel"
>
> > +Software based tracing is a complex process which requires components
> on both the
> > +target and the host to work together. However its portability across
> all architectures
> > +and board support packages makes it a useful asset. A key requirement
> in RTEMS trace process
> > +is to take existing code in compiled format (ELF) and instrument it in
> order to log various events
> > +and records in real time. However instrumenting of the code for tracing
> should happen without rebuilding
> > +the code from the source and without annotating the source with trace
> code.
> > +
> > +.. toctree::
> > +
> > + introduction
> > + usecases
> > + development
> > diff --git a/user/tracing/introduction.rst b/user/tracing/introduction.
> rst
> > new file mode 100644
> > index 0000000..3314447
> > --- /dev/null
> > +++ b/user/tracing/introduction.rst
> > @@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
> > +.. comment SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-SA-4.0
> > +
> > +.. comment: All rights reserved.
> > +
> > +.. _introduction:
> > +
> > +Introduction to Tracing
> > +***********************
> > +
> > +Tracing is an important function which has several applications
> including identification of
> > +complex threading, detection of deadlocks, tracing functions along with
> their argument values,
> > +and return values through progression of several function calls and
> audit the performance of an
> > +application according to required specifications.
> > +
> > +RTEMS tracing framework is under development and welcomes contribution
> by users.
> > +
> > +RTEMS has the following trace components:
> > +
> > +- RTEMS Trace Linker
> > +- Capture Engine
> > +- Common Trace Format Integration
> > +
> > +.. note::
> > +
> > + I could create separate pages to explain the aforementioned
> components in detail.
> > +
> Remove this note, and create/link the separate pages with the "TBD" stub.
>
> > +
> > +RTEMS trace framework can currently function using the following
> methods:
> > +
> > +RTEMS Trace Using Trace Buffering
> > +=================================
> > +
> > +To be completed
> > +
> > +RTEMS Trace Using Printk
> > +========================
> > +
> > +To be completed
> > +
> > +RTEMS Trace Using CTF
> > +=====================
> > +
> > +`Common Trace Format <http://diamon.org/ctf/>`_ is a binary trace
> format which is fast to write
> > +and has great flexibility. It allows traces to be developed by
> bare-metal applications or by any
> > +other C/C++ system. RTEMS tracing framework can benefit from these
> features of CTF.
> > +
> > +A typical CTF *trace* consists of multiple *streams* of binary
> *events*. It is upto us how many
> > +streams we want to divide our tracer generated events into. The
> *metadata* stream is a mandatory
>
> Delete "It is upto us ... events into." This is an unnecessary
> statement in user documentation.
>
> > +stream which describes the layout of all the other streams in a trace.
> This metadata stream is written
> > +using *Trace Stream Description Language* (TSDL).
> > +
> > +A binary *stream* is further a concatenation of several packets each
> containing the following:
> > +
> > +- A header
>
> "A packet header" maybe better, more precise?
>
> > +- An optional context
>
> "packet context" ?
>
> > +- A set of concatenated events each containing:
> > + - A header
>
> "An event header" ?
>
> > + - A stream-specific context
> > + - An event-specific context
> > + - A payload
> > +
>
> On second thought, it's not clear to me if a user needs this much
> detail about what is happening inside CTF. They want to know what are
> the advantages/disadvantages and how do I use it. These details about
> the packet formats may be superfluous, I guess that remains to be
> seen.
>
> > +This method of tracing is currently under development and can utilise
> the following 3rd party package:
>
> Rewrite this sentence to better introduce the reader to the need that
> is filled by babeltrace.
>
> > +
> > +Babeltrace
> > +----------
> > +
> > +Babeltrace is an open source trace format converter which can be used
> to convert RTEMS traces into CTF.
> > +It is also a reference parser implementation of CTF. Babeltrace
> currently supports the following output
> > +formats for traces:
> > +
> > +- Text
> > +- CTF
> > +- CTF-metadata
> > +- Dummy
> > +- lttng-live
> > +
> > +Babeltrace comes in the form of a library, python bindings (python3)
> and command line tool called ``babeltrace``.
> > +To install babeltrace on your host you can follow one of the following
> methods:
> > +
> > +Using Distribution Packages:
> > +
> > +1) On ubuntu/debian run: ``sudo apt-get install babeltrace``
> > +
> > +2) On fedora run: ``sudo yum install babeltrace``
> > +
> > +3) On Arch linux run: ``yaourt -S babeltrace`` or ``yaourt -S
> babeltrace-git`` for the latest git version
> > +
>
> I would just refer the reader to the babeltrace instructions
> themselves. We don't want to provide an exhaustive list here.
>
> > +
> > +You can also build from source using tarballs or git repositories of
> babeltrace. Refer to http://diamon.org/babeltrace/
> > +for further details.
>
> Yes, just refer to the URL and be done with it.
>
> > diff --git a/user/tracing/usecases.rst b/user/tracing/usecases.rst
> > new file mode 100644
> > index 0000000..323fe15
> > --- /dev/null
> > +++ b/user/tracing/usecases.rst
> > @@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
> > +.. comment SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-SA-4.0
> > +
> > +.. comment: All rights reserved.
> > +
> > +.. _usecases:
> > +
> > +Tracing Use Cases
> > +*****************
> > +
> > +Following are the use cases of the tracing framework that are currently
> under development:
> > +
> > +Function Tracing
> > +================
> > +
> > +Tracing the entry and exit of a function as well as the values of the
> arguments and
> > +return values can prove to be an important application for the tracing
> framework.
> > +
>
> Why is it important? What purpose does it serve? (Debugging aid?
> Program behavior comprehension?)
>
> I suggest you devise a templated approach to describe these use cases.
> Something like:
> Name
> =====
>
> Brief description.
>
> Objective
> -------------
> What purpose this use case intends to accomplish / its goal / user's
> need filled by it.
>
> Requirements
> ------------------
> What the use case needs out of the trace to accomplish its purpose.
>
> Example
> ------------
> Like what you have below.
>
>
> > +As a start to the development of function tracing using CTF we can work
> on the fileio
> > +sample testsuit and trace all the calls to malloc, calloc, free and
> realloc functions.
>
> typo: testsuite
>
> > +Along with the calls made to these functions the trace must also
> capture the values of
> > +their arguments at entry and the return values at function exit. As an
> example of an application
> > +having the following progression of function calls:
> > +
> > +.. code-block:: c
> > +
> > + #include <stdlib.h>
> > + int main(int argc, char** argv)
> > + {
> > + int* a = malloc(sizeof(int));
> > + free(a);
> > + a = calloc(1, sizeof(int));
> > + return 0;
> > + }
> > +
> > +
> > +The trace of such an application must be output of the following kind:
> > +
>
> Eventually, you would be able to show some actual output. For now, you
> should try to "mock" the expected output as closely as you can.
>
> > +.. code-block:: shell
> > +
> > + Timestamp1 entry of malloc > argument value
> > + Timestamp2 exit of malloc < return value
> > + Timestamp3 entry of free > argument value
> > + Timestamp4 exit of free < return value (null)
> > + Timestamp5 entry of calloc > argument1 value, argument2 value
> > + Timestamp6 exit of calloc < return value1
> > +
> > +There could be additional coulmns of details including current
> priority, task state etc.
> > +
>
> spelling: coulmns.
>
> > +
> > +Tracing Thread Operations
> > +=========================
> > +
>
> Here you would instantiate a new use case template and fill it in.
>
> > +Real time applications inherently utilise parallel programming which
> entails several
> > +tasks executing simulataneously and competing for common resources. On
> single processor systems
>
> spelling: simultaneously. Please use a spell checker when writing
> documentation.
>
> > +the CPU performs context switching between each of these tasks rapidly.
> By tracing the creation and
> > +termination of tasks as well as the context swicthes between them one
> can possibly identify probable race
>
> sp: swicthes.
>
> > +conditions or complex threading operations.
> > +
> > +A sample trace tracking two tasks Ta and Tb could have an output of the
> following kind:
> > +
> > +.. code-block:: shell
> > +
> > + Timestamp1 taskid Ta CREATED
> > + Timestamp1 taskid Ta SWITCHED-IN
> > + Timestamp1 taskid Ta BEGIN
> > + Timestamp1 taskid Tb CREATED
> > + Timestamp1 taskid Ta SWITCHED-OUT
> > + Timestamp1 taskid Tb SWITCHED-IN
> > + Timestamp1 taskid Tb BEGIN
> > + Timestamp1 taskid Tb SWITCHED-OUT
> > + Timestamp1 taskid Tb TERMINATED
> > + Timestamp1 taskid Ta SWITCHED-IN
> > + Timestamp1 taskid Ta SWITCHED-OUT
> > + Timestamp1 taskid Ta TERMINATED
> > +
> > +
> > +
> > --
> > 2.7.4
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > devel mailing list
> > devel at rtems.org
> > http://lists.rtems.org/mailman/listinfo/devel
>
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