application tutorial

Tue Jan 3 16:08:01 UTC 2017

On Tue, Jan 3, 2017 at 6:21 AM, Alan Cudmore <alan.cudmore at gmail.com> wrote:

> I understand your confusion. Currently there is a mixture of autoconfig,
> waf , and the examples use a custom makefile configuration.
>
> When I setup my RTEMS development environment, I use:
> $HOME/rtems — base directory
> $HOME/rtems/rtems-src — I checkout the RTEMS source here
> $HOME/rtems/bsps  - I install BSP libraries here
> $HOME/rtems/tools - I install the RSB toolchains here
> $HOME/rtems/apps — I put my apps such as the RKI project here
>
> So, when I build a toolchain with RSB, ( 4.11, Sparc for example )
> It goes in:
> $HOME/rtems/tools/4.11/
> Note that multiple toolchains for 4.11 can be installed here ( sparc, arm,
> x86, etc )
> Similarly, I can use
> $HOME/rtems/tools/4.12/
> for RTEMS 4.12 tools as well.
>
> I believe the newlib libraries and headers are installed along with the
> tools.
>
> Yes.

> The setup can be powerful because all of the cross compiler tools for
> different versions and architectures can co-exist.
>
> I also build the RTEMS source separately, and I use the ./bootstrap,
> configure, make, and make install steps
> During the configure step, I specify:
> $HOME/rtems/bsps/4.11 as the install prefix, so I know where the compiled
> RTEMS libraries and headers will reside. Once installed, the build
> directory is no longer needed.
>

And should NOT be referenced by the application build system.

> This also works for multiple architectures and versions of RTEMS.
>
> Once the tools and RTEMS libraries and headers are compiled and installed,
> you have a SDK ready to develop applications.
> With the correct application makefiles, you do not need to worry as much
> about the exact locations of the libraries and headers.
>
> If you look at the RKI standard makefile:
> https://github.com/alanc98/rki/blob/master/Makefile
> You can see that there are environment variables that point to the
> location of the tools and RTEMS libraries/bsps.
> As you can see in this makefile, the individual RTEMS libraries are not
> called out. I believe the -specs bsp_specs and -qrtems options take care of
> that.
>
>

The math, C, and gcc support libraries are in a location implicitly known
to the compiler.

The -B option specifies where the BSP is. The -specs option adds on BSP
specific options with
the -qrtems enabling them.

https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Directory-Options.html#Directory-Options
documents the -B option.
It treats the argument as a system directory and that's the BSP directory
for RTEMS.

If you build extra libraries, I tend to recommend building them with BSP
specific options and
installing them under the BSP directory. That way they are optimized for
the BSP's CPU
and the -B picks them up. Sometimes a library can be built BSP independent
and installed
with the compiler.

> ( also note that the paths in that makefile do not separate tools and
> bsps.. I have not updated that in a while. In that example, tools and bsps
> were installed in $HOME/rtems/4.11, which will work, but I prefer to
> separate them )
>
>
I use separate install points for tools and BSPs for testing. That way I
can remove a BSP install
at any time without reinstalling tools. Handy since the BSP can be more
volatile than the tools.

> So that is an example of a custom made makefile for an application. The
> rtems-waf tool is another way to build an application.
> Look at the README.waf for an example of how to use the waf tool.
>
> https://github.com/alanc98/rki/blob/master/README.waf
>
> The RTEMS project has a goal of replacing the auto configure scripts for
> the RTEMS kernel source with a waf build system.
>
> The simple examples can also be built using a waf script. I have an
> example on my disk, I should post it to my GitHub account soon for
> reference.
>
> Alan
>
>
>
> On Jan 3, 2017, at 5:10 AM, Denis Obrezkov <denisobrezkov at gmail.com>
> wrote:
>
> Thank you for your answer.
> I've already build a cross-compiler and rtems. And sample applications
> work.
>
> I want to note that it is pretty easy to build rtems with rsb. But it is
> also a bit confusing, because, for example, when we build an embedded linux
> distribution (with buildbot or without it), we know exactly where binaries
> and headers from linux kernel and libc located (because we specified it).
> So, it is easy to create a new application. It is much harder with with an
> unknown for many people RSB build system and complicated autotools files.
>
> It seems, that I found binary and headers location - they are obviously in
> a build directory (shame for me). And now I can understand the makefile of
> an example application. But I still can't understand two things:
> Where is a newlib binary?
>
> I see code in the hello world example's makefile:
> $(PGM): $(OBJS)
>     $(make-exe)
> could you explain where is the rule for $(OBJS) and what is $(make-exe)?
>
> Sorry, for such stupid questions, but there are so much different .cfg,
> .am, .in, waf, configure files, that it is very hard to understand what is
> happening.
>
> 2017-01-03 3:07 GMT+02:00 Alan Cudmore <alan.cudmore at gmail.com>:
>
>> Hi Denis,
>>
>> The simplest application is the RTEMS hello example.
>> https://git.rtems.org/rtems/tree/testsuites/samples/hello
>>
>> Typically you use the RTEMS source builder tool ( RSB ) to build and
>> install an RTEMS cross compiler. Next, you download, configure, build, and
>> install the RTEMS kernel. Finally you would build your own application
>> outside of the RTEMS source tree and link to the RTEMS library and startup
>> code to create a standalone executable that is loaded to the target.
>>
>> There are some getting started docs here to help setup a cross compiler
>> and build the RTEMS source with examples:
>> https://devel.rtems.org/wiki/TBR/UserManual/Quick_Start
>> (Not sure if that is the latest, but I believe the “sis” BSP has been
>> removed. I use the sparc/erc32 BSP in it’s place)
>>
>> If you want to move on from the samples and build your own application
>> outside of the RTEMS tree, I have a sample application framework here:
>> https://github.com/alanc98/rki
>>
>> This gives you an example of how to create a simple RTEMS application
>> with a RAM disk, shell and some sample commands to run on the shell. The
>> wafscript or Makefile link in the necessary libraries for the chosen BSP.
>> You can use this with RTEMS 4.11 and 4.12 ( git head ).
>>
>> It’s pretty easy to build for the sparc erc32 BSP and run with the
>> sparc-rtems4.11-run command line simulator.
>>
>> To build, I use the “waf” build tool ( waf.io ). When you build for
>> erc32 for example, the executable program will be in :
>> rki/build/sparc-rtems4.11-erc32/rki.elf
>> rki.elf is the final executable that is loaded into the simulator.
>>
>> Hope this helps,
>> Alan
>>
>> On Jan 2, 2017, at 8:54 AM, Denis Obrezkov <denisobrezkov at gmail.com>
>> wrote:
>>
>> Hello, can you point me to some manual how to create a simple application
>> with rtems?
>> I read a lot of your tutorials like POSIX  tutorial, C Guide, Ada guide,
>> Dev. environment guide, but I can't find out how to create a simple
>> application.
>>
>> I found that I am not alone:
>> http://rtems-users.rtems.narkive.com/rQP1z7Pg/rtems-application-tutorial
>> http://stackoverflow.com/questions/23794870/rtems-how-to-
>> compile-and-execute-programs
>>
>> I saw examples for rtems, but I have other questions, for example:
>> Where should I place my source code? Should I place it inside of a rtems
>> tree?
>> How should I organize my development environment? For example, I want to
>> make an application for a host computer, make myself sure that it works,
>> and then cross-compile it for a target board.
>> What is the structure of an rtems binary? is it something like a
>> "newlib.a+rtems_kernel.a+userapplication.a".img?
>>
>>
>>
>> --
>> Regards, Denis Obrezkov
>> _______________________________________________
>> users mailing list
>> users at rtems.org
>> http://lists.rtems.org/mailman/listinfo/users
>>
>>
>>
>
>
> --
> Regards, Denis Obrezkov
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> users mailing list
> users at rtems.org
> http://lists.rtems.org/mailman/listinfo/users
>
-------------- next part --------------
An HTML attachment was scrubbed...
URL: <http://lists.rtems.org/pipermail/users/attachments/20170103/b877b43d/attachment-0002.html>